Under the bed camera and meaning assessment

This screen shot explores a mid shot which shows the audience that the character is isolated while it shows her relevance 

Narrative Structures

Single Camera Techniques

single-camera technique is shooting a movie using one camera instead of multiple of cameras.

Also the name gives you a  detailed insight to what a single camera shot technique is. So each single shot taken from the various camera angles is taken using the same camera, which is moved around the set during filming in order to reset a shot to get each shot or new angle in place.  

The advantages of single camera shot

    •    They are low budget films and usually it requires a lot of editing during scenes. For example: during a scene with multiple characters having a conversation.
    •    It's cheaper as you only need to get one camera for shooting hence the name, single camera shot technique.
    •    You don’t have to worry about a camera being picked up on another camera because only one camera is being used for either your music video or film.
    •    Since its single camera it means your able to observe all the work as you go carefully as your not worried about another camera. 

• More portable.
• You can be more creative.
• To create a sense of realism.
• It allows you to follow a story board.

The disadvantages of single camera shot 

    •    You are limited to what you can and can't do while filming as you will only be able to                 take the single shot.
    •    All the equipment has to be in one place so it will take time to move set.

    •    The use of single camera techniques takes longer to edit, as there are a load of shots gathered from recording.
    •    The camera must keep changing angles when shooting, so they can capture the full scene e.g. long shot, close up, mid shot, to show audiences what characters are feeling or to understand whats happening or whats going to happen.

Multi - camera shot is when you have more than one camera be used in a scene, they would use about 3-4 cameras on set because they are recording live and I'm sure they wouldn't wont to record it again. each of the cameras being used on set is allocated a set camera angle also multi-camera shot for live audiences shows, soaps, and chat shows. They use this camera technique because it makes the editing process easier as all shots are in order.

The advantages of multi - camera

• The camera set up is done only once.
• If one camera is destroyed the other ones are available with footage from the same scene just probaly from different angles.
• There is no 180 degree rule to follow
• Multi camera production is for live broadcasts and its easier to cut inbetween shots.

The disadvantages of multi - camera

• Multi camera is expensive as you will have to buy more than one camera and hire more camera men to operate them.
• You don't get to  redo shots
• Multi camera cannot be used for different TV/Film genres as it hardly shows or picks up any dramatic effects and usually in films they use the 180 degreee rule

	single or multi	why -  describe	genre
Jeremy Kyle show	Multi	switching cameras back and forth for people back stage	talk show
BBC Glastonbury	Multi	different places being being filmed	musical
Doctor Who	Single	using multiple shots with one camera	Sci- fi/drama
Graham Norton	Multi	different shots from different angles	live comedy chat show
Skins	single	shots of characters	comedy teenagers
Come fly with me	Single	using match on action and is a series	comedy
Utopia	Single	using two shot to show relationship between the characters.	Drama thriller

NARRATIVE STRUCTURES

LINEAR NARRATIVE: This is when a story goes in a straight line which means it has a beginning, thats where the story starts and the middle no flash backs or flash forwards to show the future or the past and then it has an ending. For example we can see this in the movie Inside Out.

NON LINEAR: This is when a story starts from either the middle or the end and it uses flash backs or flash forwards to tell the story or the show the future on how a character got to where he or she is or whats going to happen to a particular character it allows continuity because the end is not very visible as the film starts from anywhere for example black mirror.

EPISODIC NARRATIVE: This is when a film or story is told over a period of different episodes, it could either be a series, serial  as they all use episode to tell a story and they also allow continuity as the story doesn't end on one episode and it allows the story to pick up from where it stopped anywhere anytime. An example of episodic narrative is the flash.

OPEN NARRATIVE: this is when a story line keeps on going on and on and theres no sense of ending it allows continuity a lot because no one is expecting it to end cause the end cant be seen. Series and Serial all use open narrative because the story needs to go on and on. An example can be the flash which is embedded  above.

CLOSED NARRATIVE: This is when a story is introduced and brought to an ending sooner than ;ater an example of this is can be films e.g the gift.

REALIST NARRATIVE: This is when a story is told from a real life point of view which means there are high possibilities of these things happening for example Then gift.

NON REALIST NARRATIVE: This is a story that cant be real its impossible for the stories to come real for example Avengers they all have special abilities like super speed which is clearly impossible.

SINGLE STRANDED: This is a one story plot or line so the story can be just based on one character it doesn't talk about any other character but that one only for example breaking bad.


MULTI STRANDED: This is when there are different story lines/plots that all lead to a particular story at the end so there are different characters and the story is not based on any character till the end this is mostly series and an example of this is friends.

The advantages of multi - stranded narratives is that is allows audiences to view both sides/views of a story to get a better understanding of whats going on, but the disadvantage is that views can be one sided (biased) which implies that the audience is given the opportunity to favor one character and their view.

An example of Multi - stranded is NCIS ( Naval Criminal Investigation Service): because it shows plots from different characters involved (each characters point of view).

SERIES: this is a story that is been told on different episodes but each episode starts on a new character each time it uses episodic narrative and multi stranded to tell the story an example is friends.



SERIAL: this is a story that is based on one character and it follows one character the story doesnt end on one episode but picks up from the second episode so therefore it allows continuity in the story an example is the flash.


SINGLE DRAMA: this is a story that is done after a period of time and it doesn't come on for a very long time before it comes back for example AVENGERS. it is also only broadcasted once.

webisode productuon SCT

Webisode Production SCT

Advantages in cinematography - creativity and meaning (framing, depth of field, composition of thirds)

creativity in cinematography means that you are able to control the creativeness and depth of a shot which is intended to create a more powerful and meaningful shot for the story being portrayed.
The advantages of creativity in cinematography is that its main purpose/ objective is to create a scene or explain one it should not distract audiences to divert there attention somewhere else. because lets say if you were shooting a movie and you had a series of beautiful shots it's useless because it didn't follow the script, story board and (location) recces. creativity in cinematography is also very important because every shot that you shooting tells a story, which tells you something about a character or a scene that is why we use and start with master shots so audiences can know the scene a build a story from that point.
Framing is where space is created for characters in this case space is created on top of the characters head, not a lot of space should be left because space should only be left when your trying to convey something in the background. it is good as it shows where dramatic energy is directed for the use of close ups, it is also know by the name 'nose room' this is initial in shooting as showing expression gives audiences understanding and a feel of realism with the scene/story.




Advantages in maintaining an audiences interest with a larger variety of coverage shots

the advantages in using a variety of coverage shots when film is that is allows you to be able to shoot different types of shots and shoot at different angles to create and add more effect to a scene. coverage shots usually come after the master shot as the master shot allows the audience to have a clear picture of what is going on in a scene. coverage shots that are used are:

• Close up: this is a shot that revolves the camera to be zoomed in on the characters face which gives audiences a clue/hint to what characters are feeling: anger, love, lonely, bored, tired, sad ... so basically it expresses to audiences what character are feeling.

• An Extreme Close up: this is when the camera focuses on the characters facial express depending on the situation at hand it is also used to show a character relevance.

• Over The Shoulder Shot:  this is when the camera is placed over the characters shoulder to gain a different shot type (angle) of the scene through a different point of view perspective.

• High angle shot: high angle shots are used to show the relevance of a character in this case showing that a character is superior, powerful, fearless. this is used a lot in film to portray a characters power.

• Low angle shot: low angle shots which is the exact opposite of high angle shot implies that a character will be portrayed as weak, small, scared. in which this is used to express how a character inferior.

these coverage shots allow audiences to be able to have a sense of realism towards the film making it feel realistic.
 

Advantages in creating drama and suspense in your sequence (variety of coverage shots etc).


the advantage of creating suspense in your sequence is that it gives the audience something to look forward to making them, want to find out ( grabs there attention) what would happen next. in filming suspense is created with the type of shots captured for example: match on action which is when a character is focused on a object or another character and the camera cuts to that object or other character to show what the character was looking at (view from his point of view/perspective) this is used alot in film because it explains a scene/scenario. 

Other coverage shots used:

• Close ups
• Extreme close ups

the picture below leaves you in suspense as yo are able to gather that some one is dead in fact killed by a female hence the female holding a gun   which leaves audiences in suspense as they are not able to see who killed this man or if it was actually the women or if she a cop investigating the scene. this makes audiences come up with many ideas of of what is going to happen, how it happened. making them want to find out more about the specific film's story.

Advantages in being on location with a small crew and minimal equipment (or getting either accidentally in shots


the advantages of being on location with a small crew is that you will be able to collect more shots implying that you will be shooting shots from different angles and also different shot types in order to build a scene because a scene is supposed to be dramatic and its supposed to tell a story whilst showing relevance of character or object or even showing the type of relationship between characters which is determined by the shot type. for example a two shot

this screen shot shows the relationship between this man and women which tells us that they dont really know each other because of the way the camera is placed in this scene.



Advantages in controlling the lighting separately in each shot 

the advantages in controlling light is that you are able to build a characters emotion (what they are feeling) depending on the light you use from the 3 light which are called the key light, the fill light and lastly but not the least the background light, these 3 lights all individually apply a effect that shows contrast in shades/shadows making a character look scary. at point like this you can then use coverage shots to add more effect adding more realism to a scene for example :

A mixture of background lighting, key lighting and fill lighting.






Advantages in having multiple takes of the action 

the advantages of having multiple takes is that it allows the video editors to have a choice of the best shots taken and also you can have multiple takes of the action but expressing them in/with different angles such high angle shot - implying a character or object is more powerful than another or an low angle shot which is the opposite - implying that the character/object is irrelevant, less powerful, not important. but what I'm trying to get at is that each take could portray a different meaning showing inferiority or weakness an example of this could be Scrubs:

Advantages in beginning with a master shot 

the advantages of having a master shot in the beginning is that  it allows audiences to get a clear picture of the scene/setting giving them a sense of what is called realism (making them relate an understand the film). this also shows the scene setting which allows characters to relate and build a relationship. in the use of master shots it allows the use of close-ups, extreme close up which is used to portray emotions by looking at facial expression.

Disadvantages in accidentally breaking continuity (180 deg rule, action matches etc)

When filming you shouldn't cross the line of the 180 degree rule called the line of action this is a invisible line that has been placed deliberately in the middle of characters. The 180 Degree Rule implies that two characters in a scene should always have the same left/right relationship to each other. If you don't follow the 180 Degree Rule, it disrupts the scene which means it disorientates the audience while the film story is distorting. When you break the 180 line, a person who was originally facing left in a scene is all of a sudden facing the right. 

 

Disadvantages in time required on- location to shoot multiple takes

the disadvantage in time required on location is that your limited to take shots as you have a set time restriction so first you would have to run through a whole scene you need in your film then if you have anymore time left a revert back to do different shot types and shoot at different angles to show more detail in the audiences eyes. it will also distort your video as if you have a location where at that time it is morning(sunny bright) but you run out of time on the location and you decide to shoot in the afternoon which means that you have not just breached a mess up for you film you have also breached the continuity in your film.


Disadvantages in amount of footage to log and edit (action matches, continuity etc)

the disadvantages in the amount of footage to log and edit is that you would have use a single camera to shoot just a scene but its because they have a series of shots so it makes it harder from to go through all just to find the best shot and on top of that they would have to shoot more as they would have needed master shot which is followed by coverage shots.



Disadvantages in having to plan more carefully (storyboard the appropriate number of shots)

the disadvantages of having to plan more carefully is that it would be time consuming as you will be aiming to get it right first time and that you would have to go through every little detail as thoroughly as possible making sure there are no mistakes. is that the script has to be perfect so the story boarder can determinedly add all the requirements needed/issued in order to start film if this is not done talents,character will not know what to do properly.

Blocking And Building Sequences



Blocking portrays where a character/object will be placed  or positioned on set also this will also determine where the camera will be based for the shot.
Building a sequence shot requires you shooting loads of coverage shots and different angles shots and then you have to put (edit) them to form one so that production can to life (realistic manner)

Shot Types



Mid shot: this is when the camera is aimed specifically to shoot from you waist up to your head this is used for dialogues in scenes and it is also used to show characters gestures, body language, emotions.

Close up: this is a shot that involves the camera to be zoomed in on the characters face which gives audiences a clue/hint to what characters are feeling: anger, love, lonely, bored, tired, sad ... so basically it expresses to audiences what character are feeling.
 in my webisode i used lots of close up as i felt  they were need as each scene that was shot  a character expressed a new emotion such as: anger, fear,shock. close up are very importanat to me because they are used to tell audiences more about a character/object within a scene/senario on what they are feeling which tells you more about a character.

 anger

 fear

 fear/shock

scared/injured

An Extreme Close up: this is when the camera focuses on the characters facial express depending on the situation at hand it is also used to show a character relevance.

A Wide Shot: this is used to create setting, it gives acknowledgement of background settings for audiences of which you could say is associated to a character/object (relationship).

Over The Shoulder Shot:  this is when the camera is placed over the characters shoulder to gain a different shot type (angle) of the scene through a different point of view perspective.
we main;y used over the shoulder shot to get different shot types of a scene to gain a view from shoulder hight.
the way you setup an over the shoulder shot is to place a camera just above the shoulder a shoot a scene with two characters talking so you can get two perspective views from the shoulders of each character.

Panning: this is when you tilt/rotate your camera on its tripod stand to capture a location/setting also this is used to make a scene more dramatic showing realism to audiences.

Zoom: this is when you zoom in on characters and objects to gather specific details such as facial expressions but it is UN professional too zoom in (we call it soccer mum recording) so instead of zooming we use close up shots, extreme closeups, mid shots....


Framing



Framing Head Room:
this is where space is created for characters in this case space is created on top of the characters head, not alot of space should be left because space should only be left when your trying to convey something in the background.

Dead Space: this means there is too much head room space and space but it's okay if your trying to express something in the background.

Lead Room Shot:  lead room is the space where dramatic energy is directed for the use of close ups, it is also know by the name 'nose room'.


Master Shot And Building A Sequence

A master shot is a type of shot where more than one camera is used to show all characters from the beginning to the end. this also shows the scene setting which allows characters to relate and build a relationship. in the use of master shots it allows the use of close-ups, extreme close up which is used to portray emotions by looking at facial expression (comparability). Hence, that is why usually when a movie/film starts they use a master shot so that audiences can have an idea of the location and so that they can have a sense of realism. for example:The Thomas Crown Affair - 1968:

 

this shows what the characters are doing leaving mystery makes audiences want to know whats going to happen next,

 this is a mid shot on the female which is playing chess as we know as the black pieces.the significant sin this shot is that it shows a character looking down at the chess board ready to play.

 this is a mid shot on the male character which is the opponent which is using the white pieces.the significant of this shots is that it introduces a new character making a scene and story

 this is the master shot as it shows the two characters in the scene together and it shows what they are doing because the

Camera Angles




The 180 Degree Rule: When filming you shouldn't cross the line of the 180 degree rule called the line of action this is a invisible line that has been placed deliberately in the middle of characters. The 180 Degree Rule implies that two characters in a scene should always have the same left/right relationship to each other. If you don't follow the 180 Degree Rule, it disrupts the scene which means it disorientates the audience while the film story is distorting. When you break the 180 line, a person who was originally facing left in a scene is all of a sudden facing the right.

Match On Action: this is when you a character is focused on a object or character and the camera cuts to that object or character to show what the character was looking at this is used alot in film because it explains a scene/scenario.

In my webisode i did use match on action to show how a characters was focused on doing something to another character in the scene which showed what character one was going to do to the other character and also brought about ideas to audiences as they wonder whats going to happen this is a very good technique to use in film because its away of building suspense and a way of see what a character is looking at. you setup this shot by using a close up on the first characters face, while in that close up frame you will now look at the eyes of the character and follow it towards what they are looking at then you cut to another close up or extreme close of what they are looking at.
why match on action was used in my webisode is because we wanted to raise suspense and raise questions in audiences minds about what going to happen next making them want to find out more.
screen shots:

Rule Of 3rds: this is used as a guideline the depth of field within a shot.



Shot Reverse Shot



Shot Reverse Shot: this is when you have one character watching another character while the other character that is being watched from the first character is shown watching the first character back.

i also used shot reverse shot in webisode to switch between to characters having a fall out which made it look realistic as it showed views from one characters perspective to another.
how you setup shot reverse shot is just to shoot any type of shot e.g. closeup,mid shot and show one character talking then cut to the other character doing the same thing as the first.
this was used for when the characters where arguing in my webisode.

Master Shot

A master shot is a type of shot where more than one camera is used to show all characters from the beginning to the end. this also shows the scene setting which allows characters to relate and build a relationship. in the use of master shots it allows the use of close-ups, extreme close up which is used to portray emotions by looking at facial expression (comparability).

Depth of field forces: this is when the audience  focuses on a specific object whilst the background is blurred out/ faded showing the relevance of the object conveying the object is the most important thing in the shot that the audience should pay attention to it. 

Lighting

Lighting is the most important aspect of filming as it focuses the audiences attention on specific characters or objects showing importance and relevance. It also builds a scene and tells a story for example:

You can use these different types of lighting such as High key, low key, single and 3- point

 

types of light:

• fill light
• key light
• background light

Soft light uses a diffuser to break up shadows while hard light does not use a diffuser.

Intensity is important to low key.

3 point:

Fill light: is the 2nd most important powerful soft light which uses a diffuser.

Key light:

Most powerful and the most important light

Back light:

Separates characters from the background

 lighting is so important as it also tells you what type of film you will be watching (genre) for example: if it was a horror film it would show dark lighting and properly only use a fill light, key light, background light at different parts of a scene not all together or if it was a comedy your lighting would tend to be very bright and bold.

SCT- LIGHTING

thriller

Linear, Non- Linear

Unit 22 Webserial

lighting

lighting:

lighting is the most important aspect of filming as it builds a scene and tells a story foe example
you can use these different types of lighting such as High key, low key, single and 3- point

soft light uses a defuser to break up shadows while hard light does not use a defuser.
intensity is important to low key.

3 point:
fill light: is the 2nd most important powerful soft light which uses a defuser.

key light:
most powerful and the most important light

back light: seperates characters  from the background 

Webisode Pilot Production

Write up a report 700 words documenting the requirements for your webisode pilot production 

My pitch is based on bullying therefore it will be named The Bully or Bully this pitch will follow the main story through out the entire episode/season. The protagonist in my webisode is a troubled character called Piggy who is anti social and is know as the teachers pet as he plays the role of goodie too shoes also he is very intelligent. He does all homework on time so class mates despise him and hate on him because of his efforts.

My webisode will be multi-stranded as it will be showing the point of views of the victim and the predators so it will show the life through the eyes of the bully and through the eyes of the bullied (Piggy). this show would be episodic as the story would be told through a series of episodes.

The dramatic question is: Will Piggy commit suicide, turnover over to the bullying side. confront teachers about his case or parents.or will he continue to get bullied, keeps his feelings and emotions all bottled up, lastly will it lead to drugs intake or simply him slitting his wrist.

the episodes will end using either open and closed narratives but i say open will be suitable/preferred as it's not foreseeable so audiences cant predict the end. every episode will end on teasers making audiences crave and thirst for more.

A non- linear narrative will be used as it will add more creativeness and power to the story and flashbacks/rewinds, memory flash will suit this story line as it is based on bullying so it would be good to show different aspects/outcomes.

Lastly, this pitch would justify the use of non-linear as it will help audiences understand/grasp the story better. Piggy will lead to drugs which would then lead to flash backs which would make him aggravated, angry bringing out the worst in him.

What is required (ie what is needed)? 

The requirements needed to insure success of my webisode is:

• cast- characters playing in my webisode
• director- in charge of ordering people 
• camera operator- in charge of the camera e.g. filming...
• boom microphone operator- microphone placing to pick up sound for a realistic feel
• locations manager- who's in charge of choosing a suitable location for webisode 
• vfx creative director (the process in which imagery is created/manipulated)
• sound editor- checks sound in film e.g. compressing,panning...
• script writer- the man with the plan writes out all scripts so everyone knows their role
• the talent

 all these things listed above are crucial in fact essential to my webisode as each person has a role to play as you know one person cant make a film on his own.

My source of finance: for my source of finance i will be using kick starter Kick starter- which is know to be the largest funding platforms for creative projects. My budget requirements, equipment, transport, talent (cast/actors), crew (production), materials, facility hire (studio or edit suite) 

availability of equipment: Most of the equipment will be supplied by the camera crew. copyright is a very important law in the world of media as copy right laws prevent people from stealing your hard work so basically you are given ownership over t things you created. For example if it was a painting, a photograph, a poem or a novel, music video, e-portfolio, webisode if you created it, you own it (belongs to you) and it’s the copyright law itself that assures that ownership hence it means people will need to ask for permission to use you work when the copy right laws have been enforced.

to be honest this is essential for my webisode as it makes sure that no one can steal my uniqueness and creativeness. if someone does while the copy right law has been enforced that person would have to pay for copyright hence they could go jail or be fined a lot of $$$.

 the cost of copy right law is=$114 in pounds= £75.28. health and safety is prime as the safety of everyone comes first. so : crew should take regular breaks, food should be supplied, ambulance or some one in charge of healthy(nurse/ doctor).The British Board of Film Classification (BBFC); as my pitch is a web series its will still be regulated as it will be seen by wide audiences so it will have to be suitable for it specific audience which is teen youth so it cant be to violent or show scence that might trigger offence in the eyes of audiences.